There are only 24 hours in a day,and usually about a third of that is spent sleeping.So is it possible to make use of this time and learn a new skill or even a language?In other words,is sleep learning possible?
Many studies have found that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep.In a 2012 study published in the magazine Nature Neuroscience,for example,Israeli researchers found that people can learn to connect sounds with smells during sleep.The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants while putting some rotten(腐臭的)fish beside their beds.Once awake when hearing the tone.The people held their breath in anticipation of a bad smell.
"This was a dear finding showing participants formed new memories during sleep, " said Andrillon,a scientist in this held.
Although the now memory was implicit (示意性的),it could influence how people behave ,researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.In that research,after spending a night in a room full of cigarette(烟草) smell mixed with rotten eggs or fish,smokers use fewer cigarettes.
Andrillon and his team members have found that learning in sleep can also go beyond simple conditioning.In their 2017 study published in Nature Communications,participants were able to pick out sound features that they had heard during sleep.
Learning abilities in sleep may spread to learning of words.In a study published in Current Biology,researchers played pairs of made﹣up words and their supposed meanings like "guga" means elephant,to sleep participants.After this,when awake,the participants did better in picking the right translation of made﹣up words in a multi﹣choice test.
So far,research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping,although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing.
(1)What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To show that sleep learning is possible.
B.To study how to make use of sleep learning.
C.To report some famous research findings.
D.To prove sleep learning is implicit and weak.
(2)What does the phrase ''new memories'' in the third paragraph refer to(指的是)?
A.Connection between participants and scientists.
B.Connection between sounds and smells.
C.The tone's influence on the rotten fish.
D.The rotten eggs' influence on cigarettes.
(3)What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs?
A.Sleep can do good to learning.
B.Language learning can happen in sleep.
C.People learn in sleep in a different language.
D.Sleep learning is better than daytime learning.
二、试题谜底及巨擘分析解读:(1)正确谜底是:A. To show that sleep learning is possible.
题型:主旨标题题
解题分析:著作东要探讨了就寝学习的可能性,通过援用多项研究约束来撑持这一不雅点。因此,著作的主要规画是展示就寝学习是可能的,选项A正确。
选项分析:
A(正确):准确综合了著作的主旨,即展示就寝学习的可能性。 B:著作并未具体研究若何利用就寝学习,而是探讨其可能性,因此B选项演叨。 C:天然著作援用了多项研究约束,但并非主要为了申诉这些研究约束,而是为了撑持就寝学习的可能性,因此C选项演叨。 D:著作并未解说就寝学习是隐含且微弱的,而是展示了其可能性,因此D选项演叨。命题智商、期间、套路及解题阻遏:
命题智商:通过著作的主旨来征战选项,要求考生准确说合著作的中枢执行。 解题阻遏:考生可能过于关爱著作中的具体细节或研究约束,而惨酷著作的主旨。(2)正确谜底是:B. Connection between sounds and smells.
题型:单词词义题
解题分析:凭证第二段中的“Israeli researchers found that people can learn to connect sounds with smells during sleep.”可知,第三段中的“new memories”指的是声息慈祥息之间的计划。因此,选项B正确。
选项分析:
A:参与者与科学家之间的计划并非著作参谋的重心,且与前文执行无径直关联,因此A选项演叨。 B(正确):准确对应了著作中的面目,即东谈主们在就寝中不错学会将声息与气息计划起来。 C:著作并未说起调子对腐臭鱼的影响,因此C选项演叨。 D:著作说起的是烟草与腐臭鸡蛋或鱼的气息搀和后的影响,而非腐臭鸡蛋对烟草的影响,因此D选项演叨。命题智商、期间、套路及解题阻遏:
命题智商:通过蜿蜒文中的具体面目来征战单词词义题,要求考生准确说团结定位然则汇。 解题阻遏:考生可能过于关爱单词本人的含义,而惨酷其在蜿蜒文中的具体期骗和含义。(3)正确谜底是:B. Language learning can happen in sleep.
题型:主旨冒昧题
解题分析:临了两段主要参谋了就寝学习在话语学习方面的应用,特出是词汇和语调的学习。因此,选项B“话语学习不错在就寝中发生”最能综合这两段的主旨。
选项分析:
A:天然就寝对学习成心,但并非这两段的主要执行,因此A选项演叨。 B(正确):准确综合了临了两段的主旨,即话语学习不错在就寝中发生。 C:著作并未说起东谈主们在就寝顶用不同的话语学习,因此C选项演叨。 D:著作并未相比就寝学习和日间学习的优劣,因此D选项演叨。命题智商、期间、套路及解题阻遏:
命题智商:通过风雅段落或著作的主旨来征战选项,要求考生准确说团结综合关联执行。 解题阻遏:考生可能过于关爱段落中的具体细节,而惨酷对举座主旨的把抓。同期,关于话语学习在就寝中的具体应用可能繁重有余的了解和意志,导致遴荐演叨。 三、试题高频高难中枢单词深度判辨:1.conditioning /kən'dɪʃənɪŋ/ n. 要求作用;转移
短语/句型:conditioning process 要求作用经由
近义词:training, adaptation
反义词:unconditioning
例句英文:The study found that conditioning can happen during sleep.
例句中语:研究发现要求作用不错在就寝中发生。
2.implicit /ɪm'plɪsɪt/ adj. 含蓄的;示意的;固有的
短语/句型:implicit memory 内隐牵记
近义词:suggested, inferred
反义词:explicit
例句英文:Although the memory was implicit, it could influence how people behave.
例句中语:尽管牵记是示意性的,但它不错影响东谈主们的行径。
3.anticipation /ænˌtɪsɪ'peɪʃn/ n. 预期;预见;期待
短语/句型:in anticipation of 预见;生机
近义词:expectation, foreseeing
反义词:disappointment
例句英文:The people held their breath in anticipation of a bad smell.
例句中语:东谈主们屏住呼吸,意猜测会有难闻的气息。
4.behavior /bɪ'heɪvjər/ (好意思式) 或 /bɪ'heɪviər/ (英式) n. 行径;算作;气派
短语/句型:behave in a certain way 以某种格式行事
近义词:conduct, action
反义词:misbehavior
例句英文:It could influence how people behave.
例句中语:它不错影响东谈主们的行径。
5.prone /proʊn/ adj. 易于…的;有…倾向的
(天然原文中未径直出现,但为高频高难度词汇,且与著作执行关联)
短语/句型:be prone to 易于;有…的倾向
近义词:likely, tending
反义词:resistant
例句英文:People are prone to form new memories during sleep.
例句中语:东谈主们在就寝中容易造成新的牵记。
这些单词在中考阶段可能被视为高频高难度中枢词汇,因为它们不仅在平常疏导中使用频繁,何况在学术著作和阅读说合中也时常出现。掌抓这些单词的音标、词性、词义以及关联的短语和句型,关于栽植英语水柔软叮咛查验王人极端蹙迫。
四、试题长难句分析:1.Many studies have found that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep.
翻译:很多研究发现,一种被称为要求反射的基本学习神气不错在就寝中发生。
句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“Many studies have found”,其中“Many studies”是主语,“have found”是谓语,表示“如故发现”。宾语从句是“that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep”,其中“a basic form of learning”是主语,“called conditioning”是往时分词短语作定语修饰“a basic form of learning”,“can happen”是谓语,“during sleep”是状语,表示“在就寝中”。
蹙迫语法点:宾语从句;往时分词短语作定语;期间状语。
短语句型:a basic form of...(一种...的基本神气);called...(被称为...的)。
2.The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants while putting some rotten fish beside their beds.
翻译:科学家们在睡觉的研究参与者旁播放了一个调子,同期把一些腐臭的鱼放在他们的床边。
句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants”,其中“The scientists”是主语,“played”是谓语,“a tone”是宾语,“to sleeping study participants”是介词短语作状语,表示“对睡觉的研究参与者”。同期,“while putting some rotten fish beside their beds”是期间状语从句,表示“同期把一些腐臭的鱼放在他们的床边”。
蹙迫语法点:期间状语从句;介词短语作状语;当前分词短语作陪伴状语。
短语句型:play...to...(对...播放...);while doing...(同期作念...)。
3.Although the new memory was implicit,it could influence how people behave, researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.
翻译:尽管新牵记是示意性的,但它不错影响东谈主们的行径,研究东谈主员在2014年发表在《神经科学杂志》上的一项研究中发现。
句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“it could influence how people behave”,其中“it”是主语,“could influence”是谓语,“how people behave”是宾语从句,表示“东谈主们若何行径”。前边是“Although the new memory was implicit”这个靡烂状语从句,表示“尽管新牵记是示意性的”。临了,“researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience”是插入语,提供研究的布景信息。
蹙迫语法点:靡烂状语从句;宾语从句;插入语。
短语句型:Although...(尽管...);how...(若何...);find in...(在...中发现)。
4.So far,research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping,although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing.
翻译:到当前为止,研究标明在就寝中可能学习话语的语赞成发音,以致单词的酷好,尽管这种学习成果比咱们日间不经意间的学习要弱。
句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping”,其中“research”是主语,“suggests”是谓语,“it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping”是宾语从句,表示“可能在学习话语的语赞成发音,以致单词的酷好,同期是在就寝中”。后头是“although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing”这个靡烂状语从句,表示“尽管这种学习成果比咱们日间不经意间的学习要弱”。
蹙迫语法点:宾语从句;靡烂状语从句;相比级。
短语句型:So far(到当前为止);suggest...(标明...);it is possible to do...(作念...是可能的);while doing...(在作念...的同期);although...(尽管...);to a weaker level than...(比...更弱的水平)。
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